1. What do you know about Selenium?
2. What are the technical challenges with selenium?As you know Selenium is a free ware open
source testing tool. There are many challenges with Selenium.
-->Selenium Supports only web based applications
-->It doesn’t support any non web based (Like Win 32, Java Applet, Java Swing, .Net Client
Server etc) applications
-->When you compare selenium with QTP, Silk Test, Test Partner and RFT, there are many
challenges in terms of maintainability of the test cases
-->Since Selenium is a freeware tool, there is no direct support if one is in trouble with the support
of applications
-->There is no object repository concept in Selenium, so maintainability of the objects is very high
-->There are many challenges if one have to interact with Win 32 windows even when you are
working with Web based applications
-->Bitmap comparison is not supported by Selenium
-->Any reporting related capabilities, you need to depend on third party tools
-->You need to learn any one of the native language like (.Net, Java, Perl, Python, PHP, Ruby) to
work efficiently with the scripting side of selenium
3. What are the test types supported by Selenium?Selenium could be used for testing the web based
applications.
The test types can be supported are:1. Functional,
2. Regression,
3. Load testing
The automation tool could be implemented for post release validation with continuous integration
tools like:
1. Jenkins,
2. Hudson,
3. Quick Build
4. CruiseCont
4. What are the capabilities of Selenium IDE?Selenium IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
works similar to commercial tools like QTP, Silk Test and Test Partner etc. The below mentioned
points describes well about Selenium IDE.
1. Selenium IDE is a Firefox add-on.
2. Selenium IDE can support recording the clicks, typing, and other actions to make a test cases.
3. Using Selenium IDE A Tester can play back the test cases in the Firefox browser
4. Selenium IDE supports exporting the test cases and suites to Selenium RC.
5. debugging of the test cases with step-by-step can be done
6. Breakpoint insertion is possible
7. Page abstraction functionality is supported by Selenium IDE
8. Selenium IDE can support an extensibility capability allowing the use of add-ons or user
extensions that expand the functionality of Selenium IDE
5. What are the challenges with Selenium IDE?Selenium-IDE does not directly support:
1. Condition statements
2. Iteration or looping
3. Logging and reporting of test results
4. Error handling, particularly unexpected errors
5. Database testing
6. Test case grouping
7. Re-execution of failed tests
8. Test case dependency
9. Capture screenshots on test failures
10. Results Report generations
6. Which are the browsers supported by Selenium IDE?Selenium IDE supports only one browser
Mozilla Firefox. The versions supported as of now are:
Mozilla Firefox 2.x
Mozilla Firefox 3.x
The versions not supported as of now are:
7. How to execute a single line command from Selenium IDE?Single line command from Selenium
IDE can be executed in two ways
1. Right click on the command in Selenium IDE and select "Execute This Command"
2. Select the command in Selenium IDE and press "X" key on the keyboard
8. How to insert a start point in Selenium IDE?Start point Selenium IDE can be set in two ways
1. Right click on the command in Selenium IDE and select "Set / Clear Start Point"
2. Select the command in Selenium IDE and press "S" key on the keyboard
3. You can have only one start point
4. If you have already set one start point and you selected other command as start point. Then the
first start point will be removed and the new start point will be set
9. How to insert a comment in Selenium IDE?Comments in Selenium IDE can be set in two ways
1. Right click on the command in Selenium IDE and select "Inert New Comment"
2. If you want to comment an existing line. You need to follow the below mentioned steps.
a. Select the source tab in IDE
b. Select the line which you want to comment
c. Assume that if you want to comment a open command you need to write like below mentioned
code
<tr>
<!--
<td>open&l/td>
<td>/node/304/edit&l/td>
<td></td>
-->
</tr>
10. How to insert a break point in Selenium IDE?Break point can be set in two ways in Selenium IDE
1. Right click on the command in Selenium IDE and select "Toggle Break Point"
2. Select the command in Selenium IDE and press "B" key on the keyboard
3. If you want to clear the break point once again Spress "B" key on the keyboard
4. You can set multiple break points in Selenium IDE
11. How to debug the tests in Selenium IDE?To debug or execute the test cases line by line. Follow
the below mentioned steps
1. Insert a break From the location where you want to execute step by step
2. Run the test case
3. Execution will be paused at the given break point
4. Click on the step (Blue) button to continue with the next statement
5. Click on Run button, to continue executing all the commands at a time
12. How to export the tests from Selenium IDE to Selenium RC in different languages?From
selenium IDE the test cases can be exported into the languages
1. .Net
2. Java
3. Perl
4. Python
5. PHP
6. Ruby
The below mentioned steps can explain how to export the test cases
1. Open the test case from Selenium IDE
2. Select File -> Export Test Case As
13. How to export Selenium IDE Test Suite to Selenium RC Suites?From selenium IDE the test suites
can be exported into the languages as mentioned below
1. .Net
2. Java
3. Perl
4. Python
5. PHP
6. Ruby
The below mentioned steps can explain how to export the test suites
1. Open the test case from Selenium IDE
2. Select File -> Export Test Suite As
14. Which is the command used for displaying the values of a variable into the output console or
log?The command used for displaying the values of a variable into the output console or log - echo
If you want to display a constant string. The below mentioned command can be used
echo <constant string>
ex: echo "The sample message"
If you want to display the value of a variable it can be written like below
echo ${<variable name>>
ex: echo ${var1}
Note: Here var1 is the variable
15. Which are the browsers supported by Selenium RC?Supported browsers for Selenium RC
include:
1. *firefox
2. *mock
3. *firefoxproxy
4. *pifirefox
5. *chrome
6. *iexploreproxy
7. *iexplore
8. *firefox3
9. *safariproxy
10. *googlechrome
11. *konqueror
12. *firefox2
13. *safari
14. *piiexplore
15. *firefoxchrome
16. *opera
17. *iehta
18. *custom
16. Which are the Operating Systems supported by Selenium?
Selenium IDE
1. Windows,
2. OS X
3. Linux
4. Solaris
5. Others whichever supports Firefox 2+
Selenium Remote Control
1. Windows,
2. OS X
3. Linux
4. Solaris
5. Others
Selenium Core
1. Windows,
2. OS X
3. Linux
4. Solaris
5. Others
17. What is Selenium RC?Selenium-RC is the solution for tests that need a little more than just
simple browser actions and a linear execution. Selenium-RC leverages the full power of
programming languages, creating tests that can do things like read and write external files, make
queries to a database, send emails with test reports, and practically anything else a user can do with
a normal application.
You will want to use Selenium-RC whenever your test requires logic not supported by running a
script from Selenium-IDE
18. Why Selenium RC is used?Selenium-IDE does not directly support:
1. condition statements
2. iteration
3. logging and reporting of test results
4. error handling, particularly unexpected errors
5. database testing
6. test case grouping
7. re-execution of failed tests
8. test case dependency
9. capture screenshots on test failures
The reason behind why Selenium-IDE does not support the above mentioned requirements is IDE
supports only HTML language. Using HTML language we cannot achieve the above mentioned
requirements. Because HTML does not support conditional, looping and external source
connectives.
To overcome the above mentioned problems Selenium RC is used.
Since Selenium RC supports the languages .Net, Java, Perl, Python, PHP, and Ruby. In these
languages we can write the programme to achieve the IDE issues
19. Which are the languages supported by Selenium RC?The languages supported by Selenium RC
1. .Net,
2. Java (Junt 3, Junt 4, TestNG, Groovy)
3. Perl,
4. Python,
5. PHP,
6. Ruby
20. What is Selenium Grid?Selenium Grid is part of Selenium suite of projects. Selenium Grid
transparently distribute your tests on multiple machines so that you can run your tests in parallel,
cutting down the time required for running in-browser test suites. This will dramatically speeds up
in-browser web testing, giving you quick and accurate feedback you can rely on to improve your
web application.
21. What is Selenium WebDriver or Google WebDriver or Selenium 2.0?WebDriver uses a different
underlying framework from Selenium’s javascript Selenium-Core. It also provides an alternative
API with functionality not supported in Selenium-RC. WebDriver does not depend on a javascript
core embedded within the browser, therefore it is able to avoid some long-running Selenium
limitations.
WebDriver’s goal is to provide an API that establishes
• A well-designed standard programming interface for web-app testing.
• Improved consistency between browsers.
• Additional functionality addressing testing problems not well-supported in Selenium 1.0.
The Selenium developers strive to continuously improve Selenium. Integrating WebDriver is another
step in that process. The developers of Selenium and of WebDriver felt they could make significant
gains for the Open Source test automation community be combining forces and merging their ideas
and technologies. Integrating WebDriver into Selenium is the current result of those efforts.
22. What are the capabilities of Selenium WebDriver or Google WebDriver or Selenium 2.0?One
should use WebDriver when requiring improved support for
• Mult-browser testing including improved functionality for browsers not well-supported by
Selenium-1.0.
• Handling multiple frames, multiple browser windows, popups, and alerts.
• Page navigation.
• Drag-and-drop.
• AJAX-based UI elements.
23. What is the architecture of Selenium RC?The Selenium Server which launches and kills
browsers, and acts as an HTTP proxy for browser requests.
Client libraries for various programming languages, each of which instructs the Selenium Server in
how to test the AUT by passing it your test script’s Selenium commands.
The diagram shows the client libraries communicate with the Server passing each Selenium
command for execution. Then the server passes the Selenium command to the browser using
Selenium-Core JavaScript commands. The browser, using its JavaScript interpreter, executes the
Selenium command, which effectively, runs the check you specified in your Selenese test script.
24. What is the architecture of Selenium Grid?
The below mentioned theory explains about the setup of Selenium Grid with architecture and how it
works.Selenium Grid builds on the traditional Selenium setup, taking advantage of the following
properties:
* The Selenium test, the application under test, and the remote control/browser pair do not have to
be co-located. They communicate through HTTP, so they can all live on different machines.
* The Selenium tests and the web application under test are obviously specific to a particular
project. Nevertheless, neither the Selenium remote control nor the browser is tied to a specific
application. As a matter of fact, they provide a capacity that can easily be shared by multiple
applications and multiple projects.
Consequently, if only we could build a distributed grid of Selenium Remote Controls, we could
easily share it across builds, applications, projects - even potentially across organizations. Of
course we would also need to address the scalability issues as described earlier when covering the
traditional Selenium setup. This is why we need a component in charge of:
* Allocating a Selenium Remote Control to a specific test (transparently)
* Limiting the number of concurrent test runs on each Remote Control
* Shielding the tests from the actual grid infrastructure
Selenium Grid calls this component the Selenium Hub.
* The Hub exposes an external interface that is exactly the same as the one of a traditional Remote
Control. This means that a test suite can transparently target a regular Remote Control or a
Selenium Hub with no code change. It just needs to target a different IP address. This is important
as it shields the tests from the grid infrastructure (which you can scale transparently). This also
makes the developer’s life easier. The same test can be run locally on a developer machine, or
run on a heavy duty distributed grid as part of a build –without ever changing a line of code.
* The Hub allocates Selenium Remote Controls to each test. The Hub is also in charge of routing the
Selenese requests from the tests to the appropriate Remote Control as well as keeping track of
testing sessions.
* When a new test starts, the Hub puts its first request on hold if there is no available Remote
Control in the grid providing the appropriate capabilities. As soon as a suitable Remote Control
becomes available, the Hub will serve the request. For the whole time, the tests do not have to be
aware of what is happening within the grid; it is just waiting for an HTTP response to come back.
25. Does Selenium support mobile internet testing?Selenium supports Opera. And opera is used in
most of the Smart phones. So whichever Smart phone supports opera, selenium can be used to test.
So, one can use Selenium RC to run the tests on mobiles.
26. Does Selenium support Google Android Operating System?Yes, Selenium Web Driver or Google
Web Driver or Selenium 2.0 supports Android Operating System. There are several libraries written
to support Android Operating System.
27. What are the types of text patterns available in Selenium?There are three types of patterns
available in Selenium
1. globbing
2. regular expressions
3. exact
28. How to use regular expressions in Selenium?Regular expressions in Selenium IDE can be used
with the keyword - regexp: as a prefix to the value and patterns needs to be included for the
expected values.
For example if you want to use the regular expression for a command
Command: verifyText
Target: //font/font/b/font[1]
Value: Flight Confirmation # 2011-05-02451
in the above example Flight Confirmation is continuously changing each time you run the test case.
So this can be written with a regular expression as mentioned below
Command: verifyText
Target: //font/font/b/font[1]
Value: regexp:Flight Confirmation # [0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{5,10}
29. What are the regular expression patterns available in Selenium?Selenium regular expression
patterns offer the same wide array of special characters that exist in JavaScript. Below are a subset
of those special characters
PATTERN MATCH
. any single character
[ ] character class: any single character that appears inside the brackets
* quantifier: 0 or more of the preceding character (or group)
+ quantifier: 1 or more of the preceding character (or group)
? quantifier: 0 or 1 of the preceding character (or group)
{1,5} quantifier: 1 through 5 of the preceding character (or group)
| alternation: the character/group on the left or the character/group on the right
( ) grouping: often used with alternation and/or quantifier
30.What is Selenese?Selenium set of commands which are used for running the test are called
asSelenese.
There are three types of Selenese, those are:
1. Actions - used for performing the operations and interactions with the target elements
2. Assertions - used as check points
3. Accessors - used for storing the values in a variable
31. How do you add check points or verification points in Selenium?check points or verification
points are known as Assertions in Selenium. The keywords with below mentioned prefix will be used
for adding check points or verification points.
1. verify
2. assert
3. waitFor
32. What is Assertion in Selenium?Assertion is nothing but a check or verification point.
Assertion verifies the state of the application conforms to what is expected.
Examples include â€oemake sure the page title is X―and â€oeverify that this checkbox is checked.
33. What are the types of Assertions there in Selenium?Selenium Assertions can be used in 3
modes:
1) assert - When an assert fails, the test will be aborted. If you are executing test suite, the next state
case will start
2) verify - When a verify fails, the test will continue execution, logging the failure.
3) waitFor - waitFor commands wait for some condition to become true (which can be useful for
testing Ajax applications). They will succeed immediately if the condition is already true. However,
they will fail and halt the test if the condition does not become true within the current timeout setting
34. When to use Assert, Verify and WaitFor in Selenium?1) assert - If the expected value is
mandatory to continue with the next set of steps we will use Assert. As Assert aborts the test, if the
expected value doesn't match. It is good to use for any mandatory checks.
2) verify - If the expected value is optional to continue with the next set of steps we will use Verify.
As Verify continues executing with the next set of steps, if the expected value doesn't match. It is
good to use for any optional checks.
3) waitFor - If your test needs to wait, if the expected value is not matching we use waitFor. We
normally use waitFor for AJAX kind of controls loading within a page
35. What is an Accessor in Selenium?Accessor is one of the type of Selenese.
I. Accessors are used for storing the value of a target in a variable.
Ex:
1) storeTitle - Stores the title of a window in a variable
2) storeText - Stores the target element text in a variable
II. Accessors are also used for evaluating the result and storing the result in a variable
Ex: storeTextPresent - Evaluates whether the text is present in the current window. If the text is
present stores true in the variable else stores false
Ex: storeEementPresent - Evaluates whether the element is present in the current window. If the
element is present stores true in the variable else stores false
36. When to use Accessors in Selenium?Accessors are mostly used for storing the value in a
variable.
The variable can be used for following reasons:
1) To get the value from an element and comparing with some dynamic value
2) To take a logical decision to execute the test steps
ex: if the value of the variable true execute step1 and step2 else step3 and step4
3) To execute some statements in a loop based on the value returned by the element
37. How to capture bitmaps in Selenium?Bitmaps are captured using the Selenium set of
commands. There are two modes of capturing the bitmaps
1) Capture the bitmap for the entire page - it captures the browser main page area of AUT
2) Capture the bitmap for the screen shots - it captures the entire screen shot like the print scree
that you give from your keyboard
Selenium doesn't support bitmap capturing for an element on AUT.
38. Which are the commands used for capturing the bitmaps?
captureEntirePageScreenshot
captureEntirePageScreenshotAndWait
Note:
39. What is the difference between captureEntirePageScreenshot and
CaptureScreenShot?captureEntirePageScreenshot
1. This captures the AUT web page only
2. This supports only mozilla firefox
3. Accepts two arguments. one is the file name to be saved and other argument is back ground color
CaptureScreenShot
1. This captures the System screen shot
2. This supports all the browsers when you run from Selenium RC
3. Accepts one argument. That is the file name to be saved.
40. How do you set user extensions in Selenium IDE?1. Open user-extensions.js with an editor
(Notepad, etc.); it's found in the selenium\core\scripts folder. If it doesn't exist, just create it.
2. If you need to, commit the user-extensions.js file (like if you use subversion).
3. Open Selenium IDE and choose the Options menu and then Options... from that menu.
4. Make sure the path to your user-extensions.js file is entered in the Selenium Core extensions field
(like \selenium\core\scripts\user-extensions.js)
5. Press OK button on options
6. Restart the IDE to reflect your extensions.
Note:
41. What are the limitations of Selenium IDEThe limitations of Selenium IDE are:
1) Selenium IDE uses only HTML language
2) Conditional or branching statements execution like using of if, select statements is not possible
3) Looping statements using is not possible directly in Selenium HTML language in ide
4) Reading from external files like .txt, .xls is not possible
5) Reading from the external databases is not possible with ide
6) Exceptional handling is not there
7) A neat formatted Reporting is not possible with ide
To eliminate the above issues we use Selenium RCAfter reopen, Selenium IDE may show
compilations errors if the user-extensions.js file has any syntax errors T. his command runs with
only mozilla firefox when you run the tests from RC. Other browsers it will not support
Saves the entire contents of the current window canvas to a PNG file. Contrast this with the
captureScreenshot command, which captures the contents of the OS viewport (i.e. whatever is
currently being displayed on the monitor), and is implemented in the RC only. Currently this only
works in Firefox when running in chrome mode, and in IE non-HTA using the EXPERIMENTAL
"Snapsie" utility. The Firefox implementation is mostly borrowed from the Screengrab! Firefox
extension. Please see
captureEntirePageScreenshotAndWait for details.
Saves the entire contents of the current window canvas to a PNG file. Contrast this with the
captureScreenshot command, which captures the contents of the OS viewport (i.e. whatever is
currently being displayed on the monitor), and is implemented in the RC only. Currently this only
works in Firefox when running in chrome mode, and in IE non-HTA using the EXPERIMENTAL
"Snapsie" utility. The Firefox implementation is mostly borrowed from the Screengrab! Firefox
extension. Please seecaptureEntirePageScreenshot for more details
Used for running tests
Operating Systems Supported:
Used for starting browser and run tests
Operating Systems Supported:
Works in Firefox 2+ Start browser, run tests Run tests
Operating Systems Supported:
earlier versions of Mozilla Firefox 2.x
Mozilla Firefox 4.x
Selenium is a suite of tools for web automation testing. Selenium first came to life in 2004 when Jason
Huggins was testing an internal application at Thought Works. Selenium was a tremendous tool, it
wasn’t without its drawbacks. Because of its JavaScript based automation engine and the security
limitations browsers apply to JavaScript, different things became impossible to do .
Selenium Suite of projects includes:
Selenium IDE
Selenium Core
Selenium 1 (known as Selenium RC or Remote Control)
Selenium 2 (known as Selenium Web driver)
Selenium-Grid
2. What are the technical challenges with selenium?As you know Selenium is a free ware open
source testing tool. There are many challenges with Selenium.
-->Selenium Supports only web based applications
-->It doesn’t support any non web based (Like Win 32, Java Applet, Java Swing, .Net Client
Server etc) applications
-->When you compare selenium with QTP, Silk Test, Test Partner and RFT, there are many
challenges in terms of maintainability of the test cases
-->Since Selenium is a freeware tool, there is no direct support if one is in trouble with the support
of applications
-->There is no object repository concept in Selenium, so maintainability of the objects is very high
-->There are many challenges if one have to interact with Win 32 windows even when you are
working with Web based applications
-->Bitmap comparison is not supported by Selenium
-->Any reporting related capabilities, you need to depend on third party tools
-->You need to learn any one of the native language like (.Net, Java, Perl, Python, PHP, Ruby) to
work efficiently with the scripting side of selenium
3. What are the test types supported by Selenium?Selenium could be used for testing the web based
applications.
The test types can be supported are:1. Functional,
2. Regression,
3. Load testing
The automation tool could be implemented for post release validation with continuous integration
tools like:
1. Jenkins,
2. Hudson,
3. Quick Build
4. CruiseCont
4. What are the capabilities of Selenium IDE?Selenium IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
works similar to commercial tools like QTP, Silk Test and Test Partner etc. The below mentioned
points describes well about Selenium IDE.
1. Selenium IDE is a Firefox add-on.
2. Selenium IDE can support recording the clicks, typing, and other actions to make a test cases.
3. Using Selenium IDE A Tester can play back the test cases in the Firefox browser
4. Selenium IDE supports exporting the test cases and suites to Selenium RC.
5. debugging of the test cases with step-by-step can be done
6. Breakpoint insertion is possible
7. Page abstraction functionality is supported by Selenium IDE
8. Selenium IDE can support an extensibility capability allowing the use of add-ons or user
extensions that expand the functionality of Selenium IDE
5. What are the challenges with Selenium IDE?Selenium-IDE does not directly support:
1. Condition statements
2. Iteration or looping
3. Logging and reporting of test results
4. Error handling, particularly unexpected errors
5. Database testing
6. Test case grouping
7. Re-execution of failed tests
8. Test case dependency
9. Capture screenshots on test failures
10. Results Report generations
6. Which are the browsers supported by Selenium IDE?Selenium IDE supports only one browser
Mozilla Firefox. The versions supported as of now are:
Mozilla Firefox 2.x
Mozilla Firefox 3.x
The versions not supported as of now are:
7. How to execute a single line command from Selenium IDE?Single line command from Selenium
IDE can be executed in two ways
1. Right click on the command in Selenium IDE and select "Execute This Command"
2. Select the command in Selenium IDE and press "X" key on the keyboard
8. How to insert a start point in Selenium IDE?Start point Selenium IDE can be set in two ways
1. Right click on the command in Selenium IDE and select "Set / Clear Start Point"
2. Select the command in Selenium IDE and press "S" key on the keyboard
3. You can have only one start point
4. If you have already set one start point and you selected other command as start point. Then the
first start point will be removed and the new start point will be set
9. How to insert a comment in Selenium IDE?Comments in Selenium IDE can be set in two ways
1. Right click on the command in Selenium IDE and select "Inert New Comment"
2. If you want to comment an existing line. You need to follow the below mentioned steps.
a. Select the source tab in IDE
b. Select the line which you want to comment
c. Assume that if you want to comment a open command you need to write like below mentioned
code
<tr>
<!--
<td>open&l/td>
<td>/node/304/edit&l/td>
<td></td>
-->
</tr>
10. How to insert a break point in Selenium IDE?Break point can be set in two ways in Selenium IDE
1. Right click on the command in Selenium IDE and select "Toggle Break Point"
2. Select the command in Selenium IDE and press "B" key on the keyboard
3. If you want to clear the break point once again Spress "B" key on the keyboard
4. You can set multiple break points in Selenium IDE
11. How to debug the tests in Selenium IDE?To debug or execute the test cases line by line. Follow
the below mentioned steps
1. Insert a break From the location where you want to execute step by step
2. Run the test case
3. Execution will be paused at the given break point
4. Click on the step (Blue) button to continue with the next statement
5. Click on Run button, to continue executing all the commands at a time
12. How to export the tests from Selenium IDE to Selenium RC in different languages?From
selenium IDE the test cases can be exported into the languages
1. .Net
2. Java
3. Perl
4. Python
5. PHP
6. Ruby
The below mentioned steps can explain how to export the test cases
1. Open the test case from Selenium IDE
2. Select File -> Export Test Case As
13. How to export Selenium IDE Test Suite to Selenium RC Suites?From selenium IDE the test suites
can be exported into the languages as mentioned below
1. .Net
2. Java
3. Perl
4. Python
5. PHP
6. Ruby
The below mentioned steps can explain how to export the test suites
1. Open the test case from Selenium IDE
2. Select File -> Export Test Suite As
14. Which is the command used for displaying the values of a variable into the output console or
log?The command used for displaying the values of a variable into the output console or log - echo
If you want to display a constant string. The below mentioned command can be used
echo <constant string>
ex: echo "The sample message"
If you want to display the value of a variable it can be written like below
echo ${<variable name>>
ex: echo ${var1}
Note: Here var1 is the variable
15. Which are the browsers supported by Selenium RC?Supported browsers for Selenium RC
include:
1. *firefox
2. *mock
3. *firefoxproxy
4. *pifirefox
5. *chrome
6. *iexploreproxy
7. *iexplore
8. *firefox3
9. *safariproxy
10. *googlechrome
11. *konqueror
12. *firefox2
13. *safari
14. *piiexplore
15. *firefoxchrome
16. *opera
17. *iehta
18. *custom
16. Which are the Operating Systems supported by Selenium?
Selenium IDE
1. Windows,
2. OS X
3. Linux
4. Solaris
5. Others whichever supports Firefox 2+
Selenium Remote Control
1. Windows,
2. OS X
3. Linux
4. Solaris
5. Others
Selenium Core
1. Windows,
2. OS X
3. Linux
4. Solaris
5. Others
17. What is Selenium RC?Selenium-RC is the solution for tests that need a little more than just
simple browser actions and a linear execution. Selenium-RC leverages the full power of
programming languages, creating tests that can do things like read and write external files, make
queries to a database, send emails with test reports, and practically anything else a user can do with
a normal application.
You will want to use Selenium-RC whenever your test requires logic not supported by running a
script from Selenium-IDE
18. Why Selenium RC is used?Selenium-IDE does not directly support:
1. condition statements
2. iteration
3. logging and reporting of test results
4. error handling, particularly unexpected errors
5. database testing
6. test case grouping
7. re-execution of failed tests
8. test case dependency
9. capture screenshots on test failures
The reason behind why Selenium-IDE does not support the above mentioned requirements is IDE
supports only HTML language. Using HTML language we cannot achieve the above mentioned
requirements. Because HTML does not support conditional, looping and external source
connectives.
To overcome the above mentioned problems Selenium RC is used.
Since Selenium RC supports the languages .Net, Java, Perl, Python, PHP, and Ruby. In these
languages we can write the programme to achieve the IDE issues
19. Which are the languages supported by Selenium RC?The languages supported by Selenium RC
1. .Net,
2. Java (Junt 3, Junt 4, TestNG, Groovy)
3. Perl,
4. Python,
5. PHP,
6. Ruby
20. What is Selenium Grid?Selenium Grid is part of Selenium suite of projects. Selenium Grid
transparently distribute your tests on multiple machines so that you can run your tests in parallel,
cutting down the time required for running in-browser test suites. This will dramatically speeds up
in-browser web testing, giving you quick and accurate feedback you can rely on to improve your
web application.
21. What is Selenium WebDriver or Google WebDriver or Selenium 2.0?WebDriver uses a different
underlying framework from Selenium’s javascript Selenium-Core. It also provides an alternative
API with functionality not supported in Selenium-RC. WebDriver does not depend on a javascript
core embedded within the browser, therefore it is able to avoid some long-running Selenium
limitations.
WebDriver’s goal is to provide an API that establishes
• A well-designed standard programming interface for web-app testing.
• Improved consistency between browsers.
• Additional functionality addressing testing problems not well-supported in Selenium 1.0.
The Selenium developers strive to continuously improve Selenium. Integrating WebDriver is another
step in that process. The developers of Selenium and of WebDriver felt they could make significant
gains for the Open Source test automation community be combining forces and merging their ideas
and technologies. Integrating WebDriver into Selenium is the current result of those efforts.
22. What are the capabilities of Selenium WebDriver or Google WebDriver or Selenium 2.0?One
should use WebDriver when requiring improved support for
• Mult-browser testing including improved functionality for browsers not well-supported by
Selenium-1.0.
• Handling multiple frames, multiple browser windows, popups, and alerts.
• Page navigation.
• Drag-and-drop.
• AJAX-based UI elements.
23. What is the architecture of Selenium RC?The Selenium Server which launches and kills
browsers, and acts as an HTTP proxy for browser requests.
Client libraries for various programming languages, each of which instructs the Selenium Server in
how to test the AUT by passing it your test script’s Selenium commands.
The diagram shows the client libraries communicate with the Server passing each Selenium
command for execution. Then the server passes the Selenium command to the browser using
Selenium-Core JavaScript commands. The browser, using its JavaScript interpreter, executes the
Selenium command, which effectively, runs the check you specified in your Selenese test script.
24. What is the architecture of Selenium Grid?
The below mentioned theory explains about the setup of Selenium Grid with architecture and how it
works.Selenium Grid builds on the traditional Selenium setup, taking advantage of the following
properties:
* The Selenium test, the application under test, and the remote control/browser pair do not have to
be co-located. They communicate through HTTP, so they can all live on different machines.
* The Selenium tests and the web application under test are obviously specific to a particular
project. Nevertheless, neither the Selenium remote control nor the browser is tied to a specific
application. As a matter of fact, they provide a capacity that can easily be shared by multiple
applications and multiple projects.
Consequently, if only we could build a distributed grid of Selenium Remote Controls, we could
easily share it across builds, applications, projects - even potentially across organizations. Of
course we would also need to address the scalability issues as described earlier when covering the
traditional Selenium setup. This is why we need a component in charge of:
* Allocating a Selenium Remote Control to a specific test (transparently)
* Limiting the number of concurrent test runs on each Remote Control
* Shielding the tests from the actual grid infrastructure
Selenium Grid calls this component the Selenium Hub.
* The Hub exposes an external interface that is exactly the same as the one of a traditional Remote
Control. This means that a test suite can transparently target a regular Remote Control or a
Selenium Hub with no code change. It just needs to target a different IP address. This is important
as it shields the tests from the grid infrastructure (which you can scale transparently). This also
makes the developer’s life easier. The same test can be run locally on a developer machine, or
run on a heavy duty distributed grid as part of a build –without ever changing a line of code.
* The Hub allocates Selenium Remote Controls to each test. The Hub is also in charge of routing the
Selenese requests from the tests to the appropriate Remote Control as well as keeping track of
testing sessions.
* When a new test starts, the Hub puts its first request on hold if there is no available Remote
Control in the grid providing the appropriate capabilities. As soon as a suitable Remote Control
becomes available, the Hub will serve the request. For the whole time, the tests do not have to be
aware of what is happening within the grid; it is just waiting for an HTTP response to come back.
25. Does Selenium support mobile internet testing?Selenium supports Opera. And opera is used in
most of the Smart phones. So whichever Smart phone supports opera, selenium can be used to test.
So, one can use Selenium RC to run the tests on mobiles.
26. Does Selenium support Google Android Operating System?Yes, Selenium Web Driver or Google
Web Driver or Selenium 2.0 supports Android Operating System. There are several libraries written
to support Android Operating System.
27. What are the types of text patterns available in Selenium?There are three types of patterns
available in Selenium
1. globbing
2. regular expressions
3. exact
28. How to use regular expressions in Selenium?Regular expressions in Selenium IDE can be used
with the keyword - regexp: as a prefix to the value and patterns needs to be included for the
expected values.
For example if you want to use the regular expression for a command
Command: verifyText
Target: //font/font/b/font[1]
Value: Flight Confirmation # 2011-05-02451
in the above example Flight Confirmation is continuously changing each time you run the test case.
So this can be written with a regular expression as mentioned below
Command: verifyText
Target: //font/font/b/font[1]
Value: regexp:Flight Confirmation # [0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{5,10}
29. What are the regular expression patterns available in Selenium?Selenium regular expression
patterns offer the same wide array of special characters that exist in JavaScript. Below are a subset
of those special characters
PATTERN MATCH
. any single character
[ ] character class: any single character that appears inside the brackets
* quantifier: 0 or more of the preceding character (or group)
+ quantifier: 1 or more of the preceding character (or group)
? quantifier: 0 or 1 of the preceding character (or group)
{1,5} quantifier: 1 through 5 of the preceding character (or group)
| alternation: the character/group on the left or the character/group on the right
( ) grouping: often used with alternation and/or quantifier
30.What is Selenese?Selenium set of commands which are used for running the test are called
asSelenese.
There are three types of Selenese, those are:
1. Actions - used for performing the operations and interactions with the target elements
2. Assertions - used as check points
3. Accessors - used for storing the values in a variable
31. How do you add check points or verification points in Selenium?check points or verification
points are known as Assertions in Selenium. The keywords with below mentioned prefix will be used
for adding check points or verification points.
1. verify
2. assert
3. waitFor
32. What is Assertion in Selenium?Assertion is nothing but a check or verification point.
Assertion verifies the state of the application conforms to what is expected.
Examples include â€oemake sure the page title is X―and â€oeverify that this checkbox is checked.
33. What are the types of Assertions there in Selenium?Selenium Assertions can be used in 3
modes:
1) assert - When an assert fails, the test will be aborted. If you are executing test suite, the next state
case will start
2) verify - When a verify fails, the test will continue execution, logging the failure.
3) waitFor - waitFor commands wait for some condition to become true (which can be useful for
testing Ajax applications). They will succeed immediately if the condition is already true. However,
they will fail and halt the test if the condition does not become true within the current timeout setting
34. When to use Assert, Verify and WaitFor in Selenium?1) assert - If the expected value is
mandatory to continue with the next set of steps we will use Assert. As Assert aborts the test, if the
expected value doesn't match. It is good to use for any mandatory checks.
2) verify - If the expected value is optional to continue with the next set of steps we will use Verify.
As Verify continues executing with the next set of steps, if the expected value doesn't match. It is
good to use for any optional checks.
3) waitFor - If your test needs to wait, if the expected value is not matching we use waitFor. We
normally use waitFor for AJAX kind of controls loading within a page
35. What is an Accessor in Selenium?Accessor is one of the type of Selenese.
I. Accessors are used for storing the value of a target in a variable.
Ex:
1) storeTitle - Stores the title of a window in a variable
2) storeText - Stores the target element text in a variable
II. Accessors are also used for evaluating the result and storing the result in a variable
Ex: storeTextPresent - Evaluates whether the text is present in the current window. If the text is
present stores true in the variable else stores false
Ex: storeEementPresent - Evaluates whether the element is present in the current window. If the
element is present stores true in the variable else stores false
36. When to use Accessors in Selenium?Accessors are mostly used for storing the value in a
variable.
The variable can be used for following reasons:
1) To get the value from an element and comparing with some dynamic value
2) To take a logical decision to execute the test steps
ex: if the value of the variable true execute step1 and step2 else step3 and step4
3) To execute some statements in a loop based on the value returned by the element
37. How to capture bitmaps in Selenium?Bitmaps are captured using the Selenium set of
commands. There are two modes of capturing the bitmaps
1) Capture the bitmap for the entire page - it captures the browser main page area of AUT
2) Capture the bitmap for the screen shots - it captures the entire screen shot like the print scree
that you give from your keyboard
Selenium doesn't support bitmap capturing for an element on AUT.
38. Which are the commands used for capturing the bitmaps?
captureEntirePageScreenshot
captureEntirePageScreenshotAndWait
Note:
39. What is the difference between captureEntirePageScreenshot and
CaptureScreenShot?captureEntirePageScreenshot
1. This captures the AUT web page only
2. This supports only mozilla firefox
3. Accepts two arguments. one is the file name to be saved and other argument is back ground color
CaptureScreenShot
1. This captures the System screen shot
2. This supports all the browsers when you run from Selenium RC
3. Accepts one argument. That is the file name to be saved.
40. How do you set user extensions in Selenium IDE?1. Open user-extensions.js with an editor
(Notepad, etc.); it's found in the selenium\core\scripts folder. If it doesn't exist, just create it.
2. If you need to, commit the user-extensions.js file (like if you use subversion).
3. Open Selenium IDE and choose the Options menu and then Options... from that menu.
4. Make sure the path to your user-extensions.js file is entered in the Selenium Core extensions field
(like \selenium\core\scripts\user-extensions.js)
5. Press OK button on options
6. Restart the IDE to reflect your extensions.
Note:
41. What are the limitations of Selenium IDEThe limitations of Selenium IDE are:
1) Selenium IDE uses only HTML language
2) Conditional or branching statements execution like using of if, select statements is not possible
3) Looping statements using is not possible directly in Selenium HTML language in ide
4) Reading from external files like .txt, .xls is not possible
5) Reading from the external databases is not possible with ide
6) Exceptional handling is not there
7) A neat formatted Reporting is not possible with ide
To eliminate the above issues we use Selenium RCAfter reopen, Selenium IDE may show
compilations errors if the user-extensions.js file has any syntax errors T. his command runs with
only mozilla firefox when you run the tests from RC. Other browsers it will not support
Saves the entire contents of the current window canvas to a PNG file. Contrast this with the
captureScreenshot command, which captures the contents of the OS viewport (i.e. whatever is
currently being displayed on the monitor), and is implemented in the RC only. Currently this only
works in Firefox when running in chrome mode, and in IE non-HTA using the EXPERIMENTAL
"Snapsie" utility. The Firefox implementation is mostly borrowed from the Screengrab! Firefox
extension. Please see
captureEntirePageScreenshotAndWait for details.
Saves the entire contents of the current window canvas to a PNG file. Contrast this with the
captureScreenshot command, which captures the contents of the OS viewport (i.e. whatever is
currently being displayed on the monitor), and is implemented in the RC only. Currently this only
works in Firefox when running in chrome mode, and in IE non-HTA using the EXPERIMENTAL
"Snapsie" utility. The Firefox implementation is mostly borrowed from the Screengrab! Firefox
extension. Please seecaptureEntirePageScreenshot for more details
Used for running tests
Operating Systems Supported:
Used for starting browser and run tests
Operating Systems Supported:
Works in Firefox 2+ Start browser, run tests Run tests
Operating Systems Supported:
earlier versions of Mozilla Firefox 2.x
Mozilla Firefox 4.x
Selenium is a suite of tools for web automation testing. Selenium first came to life in 2004 when Jason
Huggins was testing an internal application at Thought Works. Selenium was a tremendous tool, it
wasn’t without its drawbacks. Because of its JavaScript based automation engine and the security
limitations browsers apply to JavaScript, different things became impossible to do .
Selenium Suite of projects includes:
Selenium IDE
Selenium Core
Selenium 1 (known as Selenium RC or Remote Control)
Selenium 2 (known as Selenium Web driver)
Selenium-Grid